In the French general election last week, turnout was an estimated 82%. At our last general election, it was 65%. In the closest election we’d had for 18 years. And that was up a mighty four points on the 2005 election.
This is a problem. Decisions are made by those who show up, but increasingly decisions are made to favour those who turn up. The very crude and simple reason that young people have been hammered by cuts that have largely left the elderly alone is that young people are significantly less likely to vote.
This crisis stems from a variety of causes. Politics is an elite world. It has its own language and rhythms impenetrable to outsiders. Parliament is arcane and appears, to the untrained eye, to have more of a sense of pomp and pageantry than an understanding of the vitality of civic duty. Our politicians are narrowly trained and chosen. They are then forced to speak to each other in ways that ordinary people don’t. No wonder so many look at Parliament and see no connection to their lives and the battles they fight on a daily basis. I know I’ve never referred to the energy company representative as “the Honourable Lady” when begging for an extension on my gas bill.
We have a political media who do not see their job as to illuminate and inform, but to expose. While exposure of wrong doing is essential to a functioning democracy, so is an understanding of the balance of scandal. Even in the expenses scandal, which was far too widespread, they weren’t “all at it”. Politicians really aren’t all the same. Most politicians, from all parties, have got into politics out of a sense of public service, but they have very different ideas of what that means in reality, and those ideas, when implemented, mean very different things to people’s lives. The media seemingly have no interest in informing voters of what those differences are, all too often fuelling the lazy “all the same” stereotype.
Charlie Brooker related an analogy in his most recent column comparing politics to golf as a minority interest pursuit. And of course in many ways he’s right. The difference being that the outcome of the Ryder Cup has no direct impact on my life of the life of my family. But that’s not considered an interesting enough story to cover. If it’s not scandal and it’s not horse-trading and gossip, it’s not going to print.
As turnout continues to drop, and as all parties adjust to this by increasingly trying to dampen the votes of other candidates we get stuck in a race to the bottom that damages us all.
This is not a new concern. We’ve been handwringing about this for too long now. Maybe it’s time to consider something radical.
Sometimes two cherished values are in direct opposition to each other. In this case, our liberalism has been allowed to trump our democracy time and time again. For me, I think now is the time to change the whole system in a way that will have huge charges of illiberalism, but equally, could have the enormous payoff of cracking open our democracy.
I believe we should move to compulsory attendance at the polling station (or if we move to online voting – which is inevitable – compulsory registration of a vote or non-vote). In Australia, where voting is compulsory, the turnout at their last election was over 93%. Imagine that here.
In the UK the poorer you are, the less likely you are to vote. Imagine the difference to our politics if we weren’t chasing the richer centre ground of likely voters, but forced to appeal to people of all circumstances.
In the UK, the younger you are, the less likely you are to vote. Imagine the difference to your daily life if politicians had to address their cuts in a way that didn’t alienate young people with their whole voting lives ahead of them.
Imagine if elections were no longer about turning out your vote and depressing that of your opponents, but were about giving the people – all the people – something to vote for. Imagine if our media knew that all the people needed to be informed, and competed to be the best source of that information. Imagine a body politic forced to represent all the people.
But I want to give those who genuinely want to opt out a chance to do so without the “none of the above” option appearing on the ballot (because I think that easy opt-out would hinder the cultural change I seek) so a simple registration of non-voting would allow those who don’t wish to vote for religious or cultural reasons as well as those who genuinely don’t wish to vote, the option not to do so. But they would be forced to make that a positive, not a negative choice.
Jury service is compulsory in this country because we consider it an important part of our democracy that we are tried by a jury of our peers. We may grumble when called (as is our right) but we recognise it as our civic duty. Isn’t it time we considered choosing a government in the same way?











Comments
Samuel Palin / May 08 2012 10:37am
"But I want to give those who genuinely want to opt out a chance to do so without the “none of the above” option appearing on the ballot (because I think that easy opt-out would hinder the cultural change I seek) so a simple registration of non-voting would allow those who don’t wish to vote for religious or cultural reasons as well as those who genuinely don’t wish to vote, the option not to do so."
I'm not sure. I think the level of participation in our democracy isn't sad, but participation isn't just about voting.
I didn't vote in the one general election I was eligible to vote in, simply because none of the parties did enough to earn my vote, and anyway I was registered to vote in a constituency (Tatton) in which the result was a foregone conclusion.
On the other hand, I regularly write to my MP, sign e-petitions, watch Question Time, etc. In short, I think I'm an active participant in our parliamentary democracy.
I think my vote is an extreme privilege, and I'm worried compulsory voting weaken that. I would support compulsory attendance at the ballot if accompanied by a 'None of the above' option. I would not support it if the only way to way to avoid voting was pre-registration to not vote, or spoiling my ballot.
Democracy works when we are invested in it, but that cuts both ways. A candidate elected by 20-something percent of the populace has a weak mandate. Is that mandate any stronger if he 60-something percent of the populace have been strong-armed into voting for him?
I wrote a bit about this here:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2010/mar/05/give-young-reason-to-vote
Samuel Palin / May 08 2012 10:56am
Sorry, I (perhaps obviously) meant 'the level of participation in our democracy is sad"
David Talbot / May 08 2012 11:37am
Good article, with points well made.
But it remains the fact that it is fundamentally undemocractic to force people to vote. Voting is not a civil duty. It's a liberty. There's a difference. We will no longer have "free" elections when we are not free to choose to boycott the elections.
Lower and lower turnout is an indication of the failure of our political system, and our politicians (and indeed, media). To blame the voters for it is wrong.
Joe Bugner / May 08 2012 11:49am
Three Aussie points:
1. Remember that in Australia, strictly speaking the obligation is to turn up to the polling station. Once you've had your name crossed off, you can simply put a blank or defaced ballot paper in the box. So you can still "abstain" without fear of a fine.
2. Australians have compulsory voting for national, state, and most local government elections, and have done for the better part of a century.
3. In the context of the London election night debacle, Australians have had AV for the better part of a century too, and always manage to have nationwide results within 6 hours of polling stations closing. Maybe get some Aussie backpackers to count the London mayoral votes in 2016?
It doesn't add up... / May 08 2012 12:21pm
It's time we had politicians and political institutions worth voting for. Compulsion to vote won't make that so.
Alan Douglas / May 08 2012 12:21pm
You what ????
"Politics is an elite world. It has its own language and rhythms impenetrable to outsiders"
It is not the arcane political LANGUAGE that puts us off - it is that voting for anyone is a wasted vote, as all 3 major parties are the same, and in any case wield no significant power, having leaked it all away to the EU.
Wher my vote carries some weight, for the EU parliament, I use it. I know these people have no power either, but I can stick a finger in their eye.
Alan Douglas
Jamie / May 08 2012 7:34pm
No Emma, you're completely wrong.
How would you enforce it? Go around frog-marching old ladies who forgot to apply for a postal vote down to the polling station?
What if they had to work late that day and didn't have time to vote, or if they couldn't walk to the polling station, or were too sick to vote, or had gone away on holiday without remembering to fill in a postal vote, or even that they had just plain forgotten it was polling day?
How would you punish them? Would you really fine people or lock them away for not voting? Would they end up on a 'non-voters' register, with Voting Enforcement Officers checking on them next time, to 'remind' them to vote?
What would you say when the number of spoilt ballots sky-rockets because you're forcing them to vote when they don't want to? Would you start punishing them too?
What would you do if 35% of the population opted in to those 'don't wish to vote' forms you're talking about? Would you call for those forms to be abolished so that they had to vote?
Why do you want to force other people to do what you want them to do? Why can't you just leave them alone and let them live their lives how they want to? Compulsory voting is such a bad idea for so many many reasons. You're trying to use a sticking plaster, rather than treating the cause of the problem.
When people once again start to feel that they can identify with a party's ideas and philosophy, then they will go out and vote for that party.
In other words, give the voters something worth voting for, rather than forcing them to vote when they don't feel it's worth it.
Jason / May 08 2012 11:11pm
Voter turnout in Australia is only 81%. It's 93 of registered voters but over 10% of eligible voters are not registered. Australia's turnouts is lower than many countries with voluntary voting including Sweden, Denmark, Iceland and Malta. And Australia's turnouts would be a lot lower if you take into consideration our very high levels of donkey voting, informal voting, and blind guesses to avoid fines.
To encourage people to exercise their democratic freedom, you need to empower people not steal their power away with threats of fines enforceable with violence. The decision to vote should be democratic.
Compulsory voting is only enforced in 10 nations in the world and most of them are not great bastions of democratic freedom - far from it.
Jason / May 09 2012 2:59am
Australia's voter turnout is 81%. It would be even lower if you count the high number of donkey votes, informal votes, and blind guesses.
In Australia people vote to avoid a fine, not because they are engaged and informed about the process. Voting has become an act of conformity rather than a voluntary expression of free will.
You should use peaceful means to encourage people to exercise their freedom. Threats of fines enforceable with violence does not empower people - it does the complete opposite.
Kieron / May 11 2012 3:13pm
Totally disagree with you Emma I'm afraid.
You note that France has higher turnout than the UK - but France doesn't have compulsory voting. That points to a need to look at what France is doing better than the UK, not to the need for compulsory voting!
You look at Australia, but you don't talk about the problems in Australia that stem from compulsory voting - in particular "donkey voting," whereby voters simply number 1 to 6 from top to bottom rather than thinking about the candidates in any way. (Australia took the decision to list candidates on the ballot in random order in 1984; prior to this, those with surnames beginning A-C were more likely to get elected, because of this 'donkey voting'.) See here - http://australianpolitics.com/elections/features/donkey.shtml
So in fact what we can learn from Australia is that compulsory voting doesn't increase the quality of politics, it simply decreases the quality of voting...
Compulsory voting is simply a way of papering over the problem of disengagement of people from the political process. That is the problem that really needs solving, and we need to take a long, hard look at why people are becoming disengaged and how we bring them back.
But unfortunately there are no quick fixes - compulsory voting is not a way of engaging people.
Then, there is also the point that an entirely rational, intelligent and well-informed person can make a decision not to vote. If a non-Tory person lives in a majority Tory area and it is 99% certain their constituency will return a Tory MP, can you in all honesty tell that person that it is rational for them to go and vote?
So electoral reform may well be a way of making it more worthwhile for people to go and vote. The French presidential system has the advantage of giving everyone in the country a vote with exactly the same worth, which we don't have in the UK. In the UK we are more fixated on "safe" areas (your vote counts for little) vs "marginal" areas (your vote is decisive). I wouldn't advocate a switch to a Presidential democracy, but many proportional representation voting systems, such as MMP (or AMS), can achieve that equal-vote-weight effect within a Parliamentary democracy.
Sarah Craig / January 02 2013 9:30am
Compulsory voting is not the answer! It's used here in Australia and what we have ended up with are so-called representatives who only follow their party line- they do not represent the electors who basically have to choose between, often, tweedledee and tweedledum.... and the law has been changed so that even if you DO NOT know anything about the candidates in your electorate- you still are expected to vote... not truly an INFORMED choice... we end up being treated with contempt by pollies who just want to herd us into booths every 4 years or so... if you want to talk about change- look at Scandinavian countries that use Citizen Initiated Referendums- THAT is truly democracy in action.